ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
Finance Minister: Kemal Unakitan
Currency: Turkish lira (TL)
Market Exchange Rate (5/1/03): US$1=1,588,256 TL (compared to US1$=640,260 TL on 8/3/00)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (2002E, market exchange rates): $182.9 billion
Real GDP Growth Rate (2001E): -7.4% (2002E): 4.9% (2003F): 4.1%
Consumer Price Inflation Rate (2001E): 54.4% (2002E): 45.0% (2003F): 24.4%
Unemployment Rate (2002E): 7.6% (2003F): 6.9%
Current Account Balance (2001E): $3.2 billion (2002E): -$3.0 billion
Major Trading Partners: Germany, United States, Italy, France, United Kingdom, Russia
Merchandise Exports (2002E): $39.3 billion (around half going to the EU)
Merchandise Imports (2002E): $48.3 billion
Merchandise Trade Balance (2002E): -$9.0 billion
Major Export Products: Agricultural, textiles, iron, steel
Major Import Products: Oil, machinery, chemicals, iron, steel
Foreign Debt (1/03): $58.6 billion

ENERGY OVERVIEW
Minister of Energy and Natural Resources: Hilmi Guler
Proven Oil Reserves (1/1/03E): 300 million barrels
Oil Production (2002E): 50,674 barrels per day (bbl/d) of which 46,674 bbl/d was crude oil
Oil Consumption (2002E): 635,000 bbl/d
Net Oil Imports (2002E): 584,326 bbl/d
Crude Oil Refining Capacity (1/1/03E): 719,275 bbl/d
Natural Gas Reserves (1/1/03E): 300 billion cubic feet (Bcf)
Natural Gas Production (2001E): 11 Bcf
Natural Gas Consumption (2001E): 563 Bcf (more than triple the 150 Bcf consumed in 1991)
Net Natural Gas Imports (2001E): 552 Bcf
Coal Production (2001E): 72.6 million short tons (Mmst)
Coal Consumption (2001E): 81.1 Mmst
Net Coal Imports (2001E): 8.5 Mmst
Estimated Recoverable Coal (2001E): 4.1 billion short tons
Electric Generation Capacity (2001E): 27.3 gigawatts (59% thermal, 41% hydroelectric)
Net Electricity Generation (2001E): 116.6 terawatthours (Twh)
Electricity Consumption (2001E): 112.6 Twh (up sharply from 54.0 Twh in 1991, but down from 114.0 in 2000)

ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW
Minister of Environment: Kursat Tuzmen
Total Energy Consumption (2001E): 2.9 quadrillion Btu* (0.7% of world total energy consumption)
Energy-Related Carbon Emissions (2001E): 50.1 million metric tons of carbon (0.8% of world total carbon emissions)
Per Capita Energy Consumption (2001E): 42.1 million Btu (vs. U.S. value of 341.8 million Btu)
Per Capita Carbon Emissions (2001E): 0.7 metric tons of carbon (vs. U.S. value of 5.5 metric tons of carbon)
Energy Intensity (2001E): 15,126 Btu/$1995 (vs U.S. value of 10,736 Btu/$1995)**
Carbon Intensity (2001E): 0.26 metric tons of carbon/thousand $1995 (vs U.S. value of 0.17 metric tons/thousand $1995)**
Fuel Share of Energy Consumption (2001E): Oil (43.0%), Coal (26.2%), Natural Gas (20.3%)
Fuel Share of Carbon Emissions (2001E): Oil (44.2%), Coal (38.8%), Natural Gas (16.9%)
Number of People per Motor Vehicle (1998): 12.3 (vs. U.S. value of 1.3)
Status in Climate Change Negotiations: Turkey is not a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or to the Kyoto Protocol.
Major Environmental Issues: Water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic.
Major International Environmental Agreements: A party to Conventions on Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands and Whaling. Has signed, but not ratified, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol and Environmental Modification. Has not signed the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.