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Indonesia
Indonesia
GEOGRAPHY
- Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the
Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
- Geographic Coordinates: 5 00 S, 120 00 E
- Area: total: 1,919,440 sq. km
(land: 1,826,440 sq. km; water:
93,000 sq. km)
(CIA, The World Factbook 2001: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html)
GEODYNAMICS
- Sumatra
- Large mature volcanic arc island westernmost
Indonesia
- Java
- Most volcanic island on Earth
- Subduction of Indo-Australian plate beneath
Banda arc (Eurasia)
- Mentawai Islands
- Located off Sumatra
- Forearc ridge (accretionary complex) ahead of
the Sunda arc
(Acadia University: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/world-notes.htm)
ELECTRICITY
- Electric Generation Capacity (1/1/99E): 21.4 gigawatts
- Electricity Production (1999E): 78.7 terawatthours
- Thermal: 84%, Hydro: 14%, Geothermal: 2%
EIA: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indonesa.html
GEOTHERMAL
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
|
Installed geothermal generating capacity
(2000) in MW
|
|
Kamojang
|
140
|
|
Salak
|
330
|
|
Darajat
|
125
|
|
Dieng
|
60
|
|
Sibayak
|
2
|
|
Lahendong
|
2.5
|
|
Wayang Windu
|
110
|
|
Total
|
769.5
|
(IGA: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/indonesia.php)
- Java
- :Kamojang: 245°C; Dry steam; 29 wells x 60MW;
Another 60 MWe planned plant postponed
- Salka: 240-310°C; 4 wells
- Darajat: 245°C; Dry steam; 17 wells; Not yet
on line
- Dieng: 280-330°C; 25 wells; Not in operation
- Wayang Windu: 250-270°C; Liquid
dominant; 18 wells; Not in operation
- Sumatra:
- Sibayak: 240-275°C; Liquid dominant; 10 wells
- North Sulawesi:
- Lahendong: 260-330°C; 15 wells completed, No
commercial operation
(IGA: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/indonesia.php)
PLANNED CAPACITY
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL
- Resources confirmed at Sarulla, Sumatra, Patuha,
Java, and Karaha
- 15 fields with 1987 Mwe estimated by 2005
- 70 temperature prospects 20,000MWe:
- Sumatra: 31
- Java and Bali: 22
- Sulawesi: 6
- Nusatenggara: 8
- Maluku: 3
- Estimated total reserves: 9900MWe
(IGA: http://iga.igg.cnr.it/indonesia.php)
CONSIDERATIONS
WORLD HERITAGE
- Ujung Kulon NP
- Komodo NP
- Lorentz NP
(UNESCO: http://whc.unesco.org/sites/natural.htm)
NATIONAL
PARKS & RESERVES
|
PROTECTED
AREAS OF SUMATRA
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sumatra.html)
|
THE NATURE RESERVES OF
JAVA and BALI
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/java.html)
|
THE NATURE RESERVES OF
KALIMANTAN
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/kaliman.html)
|
THE NATURE
RESERVES OF SULAWESI
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sulawesi.html)
|
THE NATURE
RESERVES OF NUSA
TENGGARA
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/tenggara.html)
|
THE NATURE
RESERVES OF MALUKU
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/maluku.html)
|
THE NATURE
RESERVES OF IRIAN
JAYA
|
|
|
(GORP: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/irian.html)
VULNERABLE/ENDANGERED
ECOREGIONS
- Borneo lowland rain forests (IM0102)
- Borneo peat swamp forests (IM0104)
- Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests (IM0110)
- Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests (IM0112)
- Eastern Java-Bali rain forests (IM0113)
- Mentawai Islands rain forests (IM0127)
- Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests (IM0153)
- Sumatran freshwater swamp forests (IM0157)
- Sumatran lowland rain forests (IM0158)
- Sumatran peat swamp forests (IM0160)
- Sundaland heath forests (IM0161)
- Western Java montane rain forests (IM0167)
- Western Java rain forests (IM0618)
- Sumatran tropical pine forests (IM0304)
(WWF: http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_im.html)
GEOGRAPHIC
LOCATION OF ECOREGIONS
(National Geographic:
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/terrestrial.html?id=1&mapServiceName=WW_Terrecos
&locWidth=120&locHeight=72&cMinx=141.8004&cMiny=45.914108&cMaxx=142.666901&cMaxy=47.798401&size=small
&detail=detailed?id=1&size=small&detail=detailed&cMinx=142.23&cMiny=41&cMaxx=185.43&cMaxy=69.13)
POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION
Population of Indonesia by Province
1971, 1980, 1990, 1995 and 2000
|
Province
|
Population
|
|
1971
|
1980
|
1990
|
1995
|
2000
|
|
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
|
2,008,595
|
2,611,271
|
3,416,156
|
3,847,583
|
3,930,905
|
|
Sumatera Utara
|
6,621,831
|
8,360,894
|
10,256,027
|
11,114,667
|
11,649,655
|
|
Sumatera Barat
|
2,793,196
|
3,406,816
|
4,000,207
|
4,323,170
|
4,248,931
|
|
R i a u
|
1,641,545
|
2,168,535
|
3,303,976
|
3,900,534
|
4,957,627
|
|
J a m b i
|
1,006,084
|
1,445,994
|
2,020,568
|
2,369,959
|
2,413,846
|
|
Sumatera Selatan
|
3,440,573
|
4,629,801
|
6,313,074
|
7,207,545
|
6,899,675
|
|
B e n g k u l u
|
519,316
|
768,064
|
1,179,122
|
1,409,117
|
1,567,432
|
|
L a m p u n g
|
2,777,008
|
4,624,785
|
6,017,573
|
6,657,759
|
6,741,439
|
|
Kep. Bangka Belitung
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
900,197
|
|
DKI Jakarta
|
4,579,303
|
6,503,449
|
8,259,266
|
9,112,652
|
8,389,443
|
|
Jawa Barat
|
21,623,529
|
,27,453,525
|
35,384,352
|
39,206,787
|
35,729,537
|
|
Jawa Tengah
|
21,877,136
|
,25,372,889
|
28,520,643
|
29,653,266
|
31,228,940
|
|
DI Yogyakarta
|
2,489,360
|
2,750,813
|
2,913,054
|
2,916,779
|
3,122,268
|
|
Jawa Timur
|
25,516,999
|
,29,188,852
|
32,503,991
|
33,844,002
|
34,783,640
|
|
Banten
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
8,098,780
|
|
B a l i
|
2,120,322
|
2,469,930
|
2,777,811
|
2,895,649
|
3,151,162
|
|
Nusa Tenggara Barat
|
2,203,465
|
2,724,664
|
3,369,649
|
3,645,713
|
4,009,261
|
|
Nusa Tenggara Timur
|
2,295,287
|
2,737,166
|
3,268,644
|
3,577,472
|
3,952,279
|
|
Kalimantan Barat
|
2,019,936
|
2,486,068
|
3,229,153
|
3,635,730
|
4,034,198
|
|
Kalimantan Tengah
|
701,936
|
954,353
|
1,396,486
|
1,627,453
|
1,857,000
|
|
Kalimantan Selatan
|
1,699,105
|
2,064,649
|
2,597,572
|
2,893,477
|
2,985,240
|
|
Kalimantan Timur
|
733,797
|
1,218,016
|
1,876,663
|
2,314,183
|
2,455,120
|
|
Sulawesi Utara
|
1,718,543
|
2,115,384
|
2,478,119
|
2,649,093
|
2,012,098
|
|
Sulawesi Tengah
|
913,662
|
1,289,635
|
1,711,327
|
1,938,071
|
2,218,435
|
|
Sulawesi Selatan
|
5,180,576
|
6,062,212
|
6,981,646
|
7,558,368
|
8,059,627
|
|
Sulawesi Tenggara
|
714,12
|
942,302
|
1,349,619
|
1,586,917
|
1,821,284
|
|
Gorontalo
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
835,044
|
|
M a l u k u
|
1,089,565
|
1,411,006
|
1,857,790
|
2,086,516
|
1,205,539
|
|
Maluku Utara
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
785,059
|
|
Papua
|
923,44
|
1,173,875
|
1,648,708
|
1,942,627
|
2,220,934
|
|
INDONESIA
|
119,208,229
|
147,490,298
|
179,378,946
|
194,754,808
|
206,264,595
|
Note : Including
non permanent resident (homeless people, sailor,
boat people and remote area community).
Source: 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000 Population Census,
and 1995 Intercensal Population Census.
(PBS: http://www.bps.go.id/sector/population/table1.shtml)
References
Acadia University. Significant place for global
tectonics. Retrieved from world wide web: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rraeside/quizzes/world-notes.htm
(October 24, 2002)
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980,
1990, 1995 and 2002. Retrieved from world wide
web: http://www.bps.go.id/sector/population/table1.shtml
(December 27, 2002)
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (January 2002).
The world factbook 2002 – Indonesia. Retrieved
from world wide web: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
(September 10, 2002)
Energy Informationa Administration (EIA). (May
9, 2002). Country analysis briefs – Indonesia.
Retrieved from world wide web: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indonesa.html0
(October 2, 2002)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to protected
areas of Sumatra. Retrieved from world wide web:
http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sumatra.html
(October 20, 2002)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature
reserves of Java and Bali. Retrieved from world
wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/java.html
(October 20, 2002)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature
reserves of Kalimantan. Retrieved from world wide
web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/kaliman.html
(October 20, 2002)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature
reserves of Sulawesi. Retrieved from world wide
web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/sulawesi.html
(October 20, 2002)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (Fetruary 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature
reserves of Nusa Tenggara. Retrieved from world
wide web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/tenggara.html
(October 20, 2000)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (February 19, 2000). Welcome to the nature
reserves of Maluku. Retrieved from world wide
web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/maluku.html
(October 20, 2000)
Guide to Outdoor Recreation & Active Travel
(GORP). (February 19, 2002). Welcome to the nature
reserves of Irian Jaya. Retrived from world wide
web: http://users.bart.nl/~edcolijn/irian.html
(October 20, 2002)
National Geographic. Wild world – Treestraial
ecoregions of the world. Retrieved from world
wide web: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/terrestrial.html?id=1&mapServiceName=WW_Terrecos
&locWidth=120&locHeight=72&cMinx=141.8004&cMiny=45.914108&cMaxx=142.666901&cMaxy=47.798401
&size=small&detail=detailed?id=1&size=small&detail=detailed&cMinx=142.23&cMiny=41
&cMaxx=185.43&cMaxy=69.13
(October 20, 2002)
United Nation Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO). (July 1, 2002). National
properties on the world heritage list. Retrieved
from world wide web: http://whc.unesco.org/sites/natural.htm
(October 24, 2002)
World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Ecoregions. Retrived
from world wide web: http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_im.html
(October 24, 2002)
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