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China
Bioenergy Potential in China
Distribution of agricultural residues
by province
The unit used in the graph is tce (tonnes of coal
equivalent). 1 tce = 29.3 GJ.
Distribution of fuelwood resources
by province
The unit used is tce (tonnes of coal
equivalent). 1 tce = 29.3 GJ.
Distribution of animal manure by
province
The principal biomass resources in China
are: (1) residues from agriculture and
forest industries, (2) animal manure
from medium and large-scale livestock farms, and (3)
municipal solid waste.
Agricultural and forestry residues
Agricultural and forestry wastes are the primary bioenergy
resource generated in China, as their production is
related to the main economic activity of a significant
portion of the country. Currently, less than half
of these wastes are used for some purpose, such as
domestic heating and cooking, fertilizer, animal forage,
raw material for paper, etc. The unused fraction of
the residues generally exceeds the amount needed to
maintain soil quality, and the field-burning of the
excess residues constitutes a growing environmental
hazard.
A main characteristic of this resource
is that it is usually spread across an extensive area,
and collection costs, especially for centralized use
of these wastes, can be high. Some activities, such
as sugarcane processing, involve a concentration of
the resource as part of the normal processing activity
and offer a clear opportunity for centralized utilization.
In general, biomass resources are widely distributed
and available in all regions of the country.
Livestock manure China has a long history
of raising many species of domestic livestock. There
are generally two methods of feeding. The traditional
method, natural feeding, is mainly suitable for small-sized
farms and families, and for specific animals, such
as sheep, horses and ducks. With this feeding method,
excrement is scattered in grasslands and pools and
thus difficult to collect. Concentrated feeding at
large and medium-sized farms for cattle, pigs, sheep
and poultry, has increased dramatically in recent
years. These livestock are generally reared in pens
so that the excrement can be easily collected. The
amount of this resource that can be utilized depends
on the manure collection efficiency as well as the
energy conversion efficiency. The electricity potential
is a modest 60.1 TWh.
Disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW)
in China reached nearly 300,000 t/day in 1995 and
is expected to continue to grow as China’s economy
expands. The energy content of the 1995 level of MSW
is about 1230 PJ.
http://www.princeton.edu/~energy/publications/pdf/2001/
Li_01_ESD_China_biomass_energy.pdf
Countries
Afghanistan | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Bangladesh |
Bhutan | Brunei | Cambodia | China | Georgia | India
| Indonesia | Japan | Kazakhstan | Korea, North |
Korea, South | Kyrgyzstan | Laos | Malaysia | Maldives
| Mongolia | Myanmar (Burma) | Nepal | Pakistan |
Philippines | Singapore | Sri Lanka | Tajikistan |
Thailand | Turkmenistan | Uzbekistan | Vietnam |
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